By Alice
Contents
Key Takeaways:
- Focus keyphrase appears here: Jesus’ Authority and His Witnesses invites families to explore John 5:19–47 with courage and curiosity.
- Authority flows from the Father to the Son; unity guides Jesus’ words and works.
- Multiple witnesses confirm truth: John the Baptist, Jesus’ works, the Father, and Scripture.
- Hearts grow when truth meets humility, repentance, and love.
Hi, friends! 🐰✨ It’s me—Alice! And guess who’s hopping along beside me? Mr. Fluffernutter, of course! 🐰✨ He’s got his scroll rolled up, his thinking ears on, and he whispered to me this morning, “Alice, today we’re going to uncover the biggest truth in the universe!”
Wanna know what it is?
Jesus isn’t just a really nice teacher or a miracle-working hero—He’s the Son of God! And today, we’re going to learn how He didn’t just say it—He showed it with power, truth, and heavenly proof!
From calming stormy seas (Mr. Fluffernutter tried that once in our bathtub… didn’t work 😅) to healing people with just a word—Jesus’ actions shouted louder than any megaphone, “I have God’s authority!” 💥📣
Download the Family Study PDF
Ready-to-use prompts, journaling space, memory verse, and family challenge.
But wait! There’s more! God the Father literally spoke from Heaven saying, “That’s my Son!” 😲💬 And the Bible—the big, holy scroll full of secrets and prophecies—points right to Him too!
So, are you ready for a treasure hunt of truth? 🗺️✨
Get your favorite stuffed buddy (Fluffernutter is flattered), grab your Bible and a snack, and let’s discover how Jesus’ miracles, the Father’s voice, and Scripture itself all prove who He really is. 💖📖
This is one adventure you’ll want to remember forever.🌈📖✨
TL;DR
Unity with the Father anchors Jesus’ authority. Four witnesses confirm His identity: John the Baptist, mighty works, the Father’s testimony, and Scripture. Families learn to trust Jesus and bear gentle witness through daily choices.
🌟 A Bold Declaration! 🌟
Okay, friends—imagine this with me for a second! Mr. Fluffernutter and I are squeezing through a big, busy street in Jerusalem—like, really busy! 😮💨
There are colorful fabric tents, clay pots stacked high, baskets full of yummy-smelling bread (I might’ve tried to sneak a nibble), and spices swirling in the air like magical fairy dust—cinnamon, saffron, and something that made Fluffernutter sneeze four times in a row! 🌶️🌾🍞
Everyone is talking and laughing and selling things—until… Jesus speaks. And WHOA. 📣✨
His voice? It wasn’t loud like a lion, but it stopped the whole street. Even a rooster turned his head. Seriously.
And guess what He said?
“The Son can do nothing of himself, but what he seeth the Father do.” (John 5:19)
Boom. Mic drop. 🎤💥
That may sound fancy and mysterious, but Fluffernutter and I figured it out together: Jesus was telling everyone that He wasn’t just doing miracles all by Himself—He was following God’s perfect plan! Everything Jesus did, He saw the Father doing too. Like the BEST teamwork in the universe! 👨👧📖
Some people in the crowd got BIG sparkly eyes and whispered, “Could it really be true?”
Others scratched their heads or frowned and said, “Wait, what now?” 🤔
And some? Well… they crossed their arms and stomped their sandals a little. 😠
But here’s what we know: Jesus wasn’t showing off. He was showing TRUTH. (For a kid‑friendly lesson that dives into Jesus’ authority through His words and acts, check out “Jesus Has Authority” from SundaySchool.Works.) His miracles—like healing people, helping the poor, and making sad hearts feel hopeful—weren’t just cool tricks. They were signs! (Ministry leaders love this overview called Jesus’ Miracles Prove Who He Is from The Gospel Project for Kids, which shows how each miracle points to His divine identity.) They pointed to His Father in Heaven and proved Jesus was the real deal. 🙌❤️
Fluffernutter said it felt like watching puzzle pieces click into place, right in front of everyone!
So there we were, in the middle of the market crowd, holding our scroll of scribbled notes, our hearts fluttering like butterflies—because we were hearing the greatest truth ever told.
Jesus didn’t just say He had God’s authority. He showed it—with love, with light, and with His whole heart.
And that, my friends, was only the beginning. ✨
Fun Fact
“Authority” in this passage connects to relationship and mission, not bossiness. Love-centered authority serves and saves.
Kid-Safe Links:
Quick FAQ
Why does Jesus talk about doing the Father’s will?
Unity shows identity. Alignment with the Father confirms that Jesus’ words and works reveal God’s heart.
🕵️♀️ Who Were the Witnesses? 🕵️♂️
Okay, super sleuths! 🕵️♀️✨ Grab your magnifying glasses (or maybe a snack shaped like one), because Mr. Fluffernutter and I are about to introduce you to some AMAZING eyewitnesses who helped prove that Jesus wasn’t just a nice guy with good stories—He was (and still IS!) the Son of God! 💖👑
See, Jesus didn’t just walk around saying, “Hey everyone! I’m the Messiah!” and hope people believed Him. Nope—He pointed to real people, like super-trustworthy witnesses, who saw, heard, and knew the truth.
🎉 Here is an example of one witness!
Family Activity — Four-Witness Foldable
Grab paper, fold into four panels, label each panel with a witness, add a verse and a doodle. Share aloud how each witness strengthens trust in Jesus.
Time: 15–20 min · Supplies: paper, markers, Bible
Kid-Safe Links:
Quick FAQ
How do these witnesses help kids?
Clarity grows when multiple voices agree. Kids learn to evaluate claims, check Scripture, and follow Jesus with confidence.
🧔 John the Baptist: The Wild Prophet With Camel Hair Pants
Mr. Fluffernutter calls him “The Camel Cape Guy.” 🐪😂
John the Baptist was the first person to shout, “Jesus is the Lamb of God!”—before Jesus even started His big ministry! Can you imagine that? It’s like John had a flashlight and shined it right at Jesus, saying, “Look! He’s the one we’ve been waiting for!”
And guess what? John wasn’t just guessing. He heard from God Himself and baptized Jesus in the Jordan River—and that’s when God’s voice BOOMED from the sky like thunder, saying:
“This is my beloved Son, with whom I am well pleased.” (Matthew 3:17)
Whoa. Goosebumps! 🌊🕊️✨
Fun Fact
Ancient courts valued two or three witnesses for establishing a matter. John 5 overflows with testimony that exceeds that standard.
Kid-Safe Links:
Quick FAQ
What if questions feel scary?
Questions can become bridges to deeper trust. Prayer, patient study, and wise guidance keep hearts steady.
✨ Jesus’ Miraculous Works ✨
Oh wow, friends! 🐰💫 Mr. Fluffernutter and I can hardly stay still—because today’s part of the story is SO full of amazing miracles that we might need to do a happy dance first! 🕺💃
Jesus didn’t just talk about God’s love—He showed it in jaw-dropping, heartwarming, crowd-stunning ways! 💖🌍
🩹 Healing the Hurting
Imagine someone who couldn’t walk their whole life suddenly jumping up and doing twirls! 💃 Or someone who had never seen a single rainbow or flower suddenly opening their eyes to a world full of color! 🌈👀
That’s what Jesus did.
He healed people from sickness, blindness, and all sorts of things that made them feel hopeless. With just a word—or a gentle touch—He made people whole again. And not just their bodies, but their hearts too. 💗
“Your faith has made you whole,” He’d often say. And Mr. Fluffernutter says that’s the same as telling someone, “Your trust in Me just brought you a miracle!”
🌊 Calming Storms Like a Hero
Have you ever been in a big storm and felt kinda scared? 😟
Now imagine being in a boat, and huge waves are crashing, the sky is rumbling, and your boat is bobbing like a rubber ducky in a bathtub! 🛶⚡
That’s what the disciples were feeling. But Jesus stood up, looked at the wind and waves, and said, “Peace, be still.”
AND GUESS WHAT? 🌬️☁️
The wind obeyed. The sea went calm. Like magic—but real.
Mr. Fluffernutter says that was “the ultimate hush moment,” when even nature listened to its Creator.
👁️ Restoring Sight and Life
Jesus helped blind people see, deaf people hear, and even raised a little girl from the dead. Can you believe that?! 🐰😲
When Jesus entered a town, hope lit up like lanterns on a starry night. ✨ People would run to Him, climb trees (like Zacchaeus!), or tear through roofs (literally!) just to get their friends close to Him.
Each miracle wasn’t just flashy—it was loving. Every single one said, “You matter. You are seen. You are loved.” 🥹
💫 Miracles That Still Matter
These miracles weren’t just cool for the people back then—they still mean something today!
They teach us that Jesus is more than a teacher or storyteller. He’s the Son of God, full of power and overflowing with love. 💕
Mr. Fluffernutter says each miracle was like a giant blinking sign that read:
“Pay attention! Jesus is the REAL thing!”
And he’s totally right. 💡🐇
So the next time you read about Jesus calming storms or healing hearts, remember—it’s not just a history lesson. (Want to explore another light-filled adventure? Check out “Jesus the Light of the World” and see how His glow touches every heart!) It’s a promise that He’s still working in our lives today. 🙌
Are you ready for the next part of our journey? Grab your miracle goggles and scrolls—we’re just getting started! 🧡📖✨
Fun Fact
“Testify” comes from a root that connects to “witness.” Stories of God’s help become living testimony.
Kid-Safe Links:
Quick FAQ
How can shy kids share faith?
Gentle actions speak powerfully. Service, prayer, and encouragement often shine brighter than long speeches.
💬 The Father’s Testimony
We’re about to talk about a heavenly voice—yes, really!—that came straight from above! 🌤️📢
🌊 Splash! A Baptism Surprise
Picture this: Jesus is standing in the Jordan River, the water splashing softly around Him. 🏞️ John the Baptist is there too, with wild hair and a heart full of excitement. A gentle hush falls over the crowd gathered at the riverbank. People lean in closer, wondering what’s about to happen. 🧎♂️👀
Then—whoosh!—Jesus is baptized. But that’s not all…
Suddenly, the heavens open up! ☁️🌈 And a voice—strong, loving, and BOOMING—says:
“This is my beloved Son, in whom I am well pleased.” —Matthew 3:17
🎙️ Heaven’s Mic Drop
Can you imagine hearing that?!
Not from a speaker.
Not from a megaphone.
From GOD. THE. FATHER. 🕊️💥
Mr. Fluffernutter nearly fell over when he heard that part—he said it was the most epic “mic drop” ever in the whole history of the world! 🎤💧
And he’s right. That wasn’t just any sentence. It was God confirming—for everyone there and for all of us reading it now—that Jesus really is His Son. The real deal, the chosen one, the one who brings love, truth, and LIFE to the whole world. 🌍❤️
🕊️ A Dove and a Declaration
Right then, something amazing happened: a dove gently floated down from heaven and rested on Jesus. 🕊️ It wasn’t just cute—it was a sign of the Holy Spirit, saying, “Yep, this is the one we’ve all been waiting for!”
Imagine the crowd standing there—eyes wide, mouths open, hearts racing. They’d never forget that day. And neither should we.
Because God the Father didn’t whisper or hint or use sparkly sky-writing. He spoke loud and clear:
“This is My Son.” 🎯
That moment still echoes today—like a shout across time—reminding us that Jesus isn’t just part of a story…
He IS the story. 💫
Fun Fact
Father, Son, and Holy Spirit work in perfect unity. Jesus points to the Father’s testimony so listeners see that His words and works come from God’s heart.
Kid-Safe Links:
FAQ
Why does Jesus appeal to the Father’s testimony?
Because truth rests in God. Pointing to the Father shows that Jesus’ mission and message come from divine authority, not human opinion.
📜 The Scriptures
Hi again, brave Bible explorers! 🐰✨ Mr. Fluffernutter and I have unrolled our biggest scroll yet, and guess what it shows?
🎉 A giant, sparkly treasure map! That’s right—the entire Bible is like one giant adventure story that leads straight to Jesus! 🗺️🌟
🪐 In the Beginning…
Let’s start waaay back in the beginning—in Genesis! That’s the book where God made the whole world from nothing! Boom! Stars, oceans, dinosaurs, butterflies—everything! 🌍🦕🌈
And even there, in the Garden of Eden, God was already whispering a promise about Someone special who would come one day to fix what was broken. That special Someone? You guessed it… JESUS! ✨👑
Mr. Fluffernutter says Genesis is like the opening scene of a movie—where you just know something incredible is coming. 🍿🎬
🦁 Prophets and Promises
Now fast-forward through all those amazing stories—Noah’s floating zoo 🛶🐘, David’s giant showdown 🪖⚔️, and Jonah’s big fish adventure 🐳😲. In between, the prophets show up—God’s special messengers—and they keep pointing in one direction like big neon arrows:
“Watch for the Messiah! Someone is coming who will bring HOPE!” 🕊️💬
They even described where He’d be born (Bethlehem 🎄), how He’d be treated (with love and sadness 😢), and what He’d do (miracles, teaching, dying, and rising again 🌟).
🔍 Hidden Clues & Heart Truths
Jesus later told the people, “Search the Scriptures…they are they which testify of me” (John 5:39). That means all those books and scrolls and songs and poems were actually full of clues about Him! 🕵️♀️📖
Mr. Fluffernutter says it’s like God left golden breadcrumbs all through the Bible, and every time we read one, we’re getting closer to Jesus.
And every story—from brave Esther to wise Solomon, from big fish to burning bushes—teaches us more about God’s heart and His giant rescue plan for us. 🛟💗
💫 One Big, Beautiful Story
The Bible isn’t just a list of cool stories. It’s one gigantic story with Jesus at the center—the Hero, the Healer, the Savior, and the forever Friend. 🌈👑
So the next time you open your Bible, remember:
- ❤️ Every word tells you, “You are loved, and you belong in this story too!”
- 🧩 Every puzzle piece points to Jesus.
- 🔦 Every shining light leads to Him.
Fun Fact
Scripture acts like a long, shining trail of signposts. Prophets, psalms, and promises all aim hearts toward Jesus as the Messiah.
Kid-Safe Links:
FAQ
How do the Scriptures witness to Jesus?
Promises, prophecies, and patterns point forward to Christ. Reading whole-Bible themes helps families see how Scripture centers on Him.
🌟 What Can We Learn? 🐰✨
Whew! That was a lot of amazing truth to soak up, wasn’t it? Mr. Fluffernutter and I had to take a juice break halfway through just to let our brains catch up! 🧃💭
So now that we’ve heard about Jesus’ bold words, His powerful miracles, and the amazing witnesses who cheered Him on, what do we take away from all this? Let’s snuggle into our thinking pillows and reflect on what it means for us. 💕📖
💖 Love Is Our Superpower
Jesus’ words weren’t just deep—they were heart-deep! He taught us that love is more than a feeling; it’s the spark that makes the world shine brighter. 🌍✨
Mr. Fluffernutter says, “Love is like bunny hugs—it might seem small, but it can change everything!” 🐇💞
Whether it’s helping someone who’s sad, standing up for what’s right, or sharing your last cookie (gulp!), love in action makes us more like Jesus. The more we love, the more we spread His light everywhere we go. 💡🌈
🕵️ Faith Is Not Blind—It’s Bright!
Some people think faith means guessing or hoping really hard. But guess what? Jesus gave us proof—like amazing miracles, super-true Scriptures, and the powerful voice of His Father speaking from heaven! 📜🌊🕊️
Fluffy says it’s like being on a detective mission where everything keeps pointing back to the same person: Jesus!
So when doubts sneak in, we can remember all the signs and wonders that show who Jesus really is. Faith isn’t wishful thinking—it’s trusting someone who’s already shown He’s totally trustworthy. 🙏🔍
📖 God’s Word = One Big Glorious Story
Open up any book in the Bible and guess who’s at the heart of it? 🎯 Yep, JESUS! From sneaky snakes in Genesis 🐍 to shiny city walls in Revelation 🏙️, every part of the Bible connects like puzzle pieces to reveal the greatest rescue story ever told!
When we read the Bible, we’re not just learning facts—we’re discovering God’s heart, His dreams for us, and His forever plan to bring us back to Him. That’s a pretty epic bedtime story, don’t you think?
🗣️ We Can Be Witnesses Too!
John the Baptist told everyone, “Look! The Lamb of God!” 🐑
The people who saw miracles couldn’t stop talking about them.
And the Bible shouts Jesus’ name from beginning to end!
So what about us?
We may not wear sandals and robes (though Mr. Fluffernutter really wants a robe 🐰👘), but we can still be witnesses. We can:
- Share kind words 🌟
- Help others feel included 🤝
- Talk about what Jesus means to us 💬
- Live in a way that shows God’s love 💗
Every time we do these things, it’s like we’re waving a sparkly banner that says, “Hey world, come see how awesome Jesus is!” 🎉🙌
Fun Fact
Learning grows stronger when three steps repeat: read, reflect, confirm. Families that practice this rhythm build steady confidence in truth.
Kid-Safe Links:
FAQ — What Can We Learn?
What first step helps kids grow in discernment?
Start with Scripture. Read a short passage, ask one honest question, and check a trusted study note together.
🐰 Mr. Fluffernutter’s Thoughts on Witnessing ✨📣
After diving into Jesus’ story and learning about all the amazing witnesses that pointed to Him, Mr. Fluffernutter and I had a big think. Like… really big. Fluffy even put on his “thinking glasses” (they’re actually sunglasses from my dollhouse, but don’t tell him that 😆).
He said, “Alice! Being a witness for Jesus is like being on the best cheer team ever—except instead of pom-poms, we’ve got big hearts, kind words, and super shiny actions that tell the world how AWESOME Jesus is!” 💖📣🐇
So we made a list of how you and I can be mini-messengers of hope and love, just like the disciples, John the Baptist, and the people who saw Jesus’ miracles!
📖 Tell a Story That Shows His Love
We all love a good story, right? Especially one with adventure, kindness, and heart-tingly moments! 🥹✨
Fluffy’s favorite? The Good Samaritan! A guy who stopped to help even when no one else would. That’s Jesus-style kindness!
Or how about when Jesus healed the blind man? He didn’t just give him sight—He gave him a brand new way to see life! 🧡👁️
💡Next time you’re at school, church, or even playing outside, try sharing a Bible story that touched your heart. You never know who needs to hear it.
✋ Help Someone—Even in Small Ways
Being a witness isn’t all about speaking—sometimes it’s about doing. Mr. Fluffernutter says it best: “Love is action with bunny ears!” 🐰❤️
- See someone sitting alone? Say hi! 🌼
- Got an extra snack? Share it! 🍎
- Is your little sibling struggling with a game or puzzle? Lend a hand! 🧩
Every time you do something kind, people see a glimpse of Jesus through you! 🌟
🗣️ Share Your Story—Yes, YOU Have One!
You might be thinking, “Wait, me? I don’t have a story like Moses or Paul or Queen Esther!” But you totally do!
Maybe Jesus helped you feel brave when you were scared.
Maybe you prayed for something really big… and something wonderful happened. 🌈
Or maybe He helped you understand how loved and special you are, even when you didn’t feel like it.
Fluffy says your story is like a glowstick in the dark—once you crack it open and share it, it shines bright for everyone to see! 💡
Fun Fact
Soft voices carry far when kindness anchors them. Simple acts often become the clearest testimony in classrooms, playgrounds, and living rooms.
Kid-Safe Links:
FAQ
How can shy hearts share Jesus’ love?
Start small: pray for a friend, offer help, write a kind note. Quiet faithfulness often shines brightest.
🎯 A Fun Family Challenge with Fluffy and Me! 🐰✨
Ready to go on an adventure that’ll make your heart sparkle like a firefly and your soul glow with God’s love? 🌟 Mr. Fluffernutter and I came up with some super fun family challenges to help you shine brightly as a witness for Jesus! Whether you’re zooming through your backyard or snuggled on the couch, these activities will bring your family closer together and bring smiles to Jesus’ face! 😊💖
🗺️ Treasure Map Hunt: Jesus Style!
Let’s turn your house or yard into a land of mystery, faith, and… sparkly clues! 🕵️♀️✨
Make a treasure map with fun stations—each stop can have:
- A Bible verse clue to decode,
- A kindness challenge to complete (like, “Give a big hug to someone near!” 🤗),
- Or a fun riddle about Jesus’ life! 😇
And the treasure? A glowing star for Jesus’ light, or a handmade cross that reminds you of His love! 🕯️✝️ When you reach the end, gather your family for a short Jesus Chat (that’s what Fluffy calls devotionals) and talk about how the real treasure is knowing Him. 💛
🔥 Storytelling Circle: Campfire Edition!
This one’s perfect for a quiet night indoors or stargazing in your backyard! 🌌
Sit in a circle and take turns telling your favorite Bible stories! You can:
- Act them out (Fluffy plays a GREAT Jonah),
- Make paper puppets 🐟🎭,
- Or just share what the story means to you.
Ask each other fun questions like:
- “What did you learn about Jesus from that story?”
- “How would you have felt if you were there?”
- “If Mr. Fluffernutter was in that story, what would he do?” (He’d definitely sneak snacks onto Noah’s Ark 🐰🍪.)
📓 Kindness Journal: Write It, Draw It, Share It!
Grab a notebook, some crayons, and stickers—🎨 because it’s Kindness Journal Time!
Each day, everyone writes down one kind thing they did. You can:
- Draw a picture of it 🖍️,
- Write a sentence 📝,
- Or snap a silly photo to paste in!
At the end of the week, share your favorite moments together. Talk about how each act was like a mini-miracle that showed Jesus’ love. 💫
Fluffernutter said, “Every little good deed is like adding sparkle to the world. Let’s be sparkle-spreaders for Jesus!” 🐰✨
Fun Fact
Family challenges turn learning into memory. Short, joyful tasks create stories that kids remember and share with others.
Kid-Safe Links:
FAQ
What keeps a family challenge fun and doable?
Pick one tiny goal, set a short time limit, celebrate a small win, and thank God together afterward.
💭 A Final Thought from Me (and Fluffy) 💕
Wow, what a journey, friends! 🌈 Mr. Fluffernutter and I are still bouncing with excitement thinking about everything we’ve learned. Jesus didn’t just say He was the Son of God—He showed it in the most amazing ways! ✨
🌟 John the Baptist was like a big trumpet, boldly shouting, “Get ready! Jesus is coming!” His brave voice pointed right to Jesus, like a flashing arrow showing the way! 🚨➡️🐑
🌟 Miracles? Oh my jellybeans! Jesus made blind eyes see, calmed wild storms, fed super hungry crowds, and even raised people from the dead! 😲💖 Each miracle was like a giant heart-shaped sign that said, “This is God’s Son, and He LOVES you!”
🌟 And let’s not forget the Scriptures! 📖 Every story, every prophecy, every ancient word was like a clue in a huge Bible treasure map that led straight to JESUS!
But guess what the BEST PART is? 💫
You and I—we get to be witnesses too! Every time we do something kind, tell someone about Jesus, or even live with love and joy in our hearts—we’re shouting, “Look! Jesus is amazing!”
So until our next adventure, let’s be brave like John, kind like Jesus, and bright like stars that shine His love in every corner of the world. 🌟🐰💕
Big hugs, blessings, and bunny hops,
Love,
Alice (and Mr. Fluffernutter too!) 💕
Keep Exploring
Quick Check Quiz
Compare & Discern
| Approach | Goal | Likely Outcome |
|---|---|---|
| Go by feelings only | Comfort | Confusion, drift |
| Follow loudest voice | Approval | Peer pressure |
| Check witnesses & Scripture | Truth & growth | Confidence, steady faith |
Vocabulary
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Authority | Right and power to act, rooted in relationship with the Father. |
| Witness | One who gives reliable testimony about truth. |
| Testify | Share evidence or experience that confirms truth. |
| Unity | Complete agreement in purpose and action. |
References
| Citation | Link |
|---|---|
| Blogging4Adventure — Being Born Again | Open |
| Blogging4Adventure — Healing the Man Born Blind | Open |
| Blogging4Adventure — Feeding the 5000 | Open |
| BibleGateway — John 5:19–47 (KJV) | Open |
| Enduring Word — Commentary on John 5 | Open |
| GotQuestions — Witnesses of Jesus | Open |
Practice & Pray
Truth stands firm through many witnesses. Families follow Jesus with unity, kindness, and courage—reading Scripture, asking questions, and sharing stories of God’s help.
Alice — Kid Author & Wonder Collector
Homeschool storyteller at Blogging4Adventure, blending playful questions with Scripture discovery. Posts reviewed by Mom & Dad for clarity, safety, and biblical accuracy; verses cross-checked with trusted study tools.
FAQ
Where should families start with John 5?
Begin with prayer, read the passage aloud, list the four witnesses, and share one sentence about trust in Jesus.
How can families use the PDF?
Print, highlight key verses, complete the family challenge, and journal one answered prayer this week.
What helps shy readers participate?
Invite drawing or short notes during study time. Creativity becomes a quiet form of witness.